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1.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1438315

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Prevention strategies are key to combating the epidemic of infections such as HIV and syphilis. The epidemiological scenario of Porto Alegre/RS for these infections shows the need for greater efforts in the area of prevention, seeking to characterize both the population that uses these strategies and the services involved in the care of exposed people. Objective: This study aimed to characterize the clinical and epidemiological profile of patients who received post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) to HIV treated in a public hospital in Porto Alegre/RS. Methods: This is a retrospective, research, descriptive study based on the Clinical Protocol and Therapeutic Guidelines for PEP, updated in 2018 by the Ministry of Health. Prophylaxis request forms and medical records of patients treated were analyzed. Results: The population consisted of 87 women who received PEP from January to September 2019. There was a predominance of women aged between 20 and 29 years old (55.2%). The most frequent sexual exposure was consensual (69.0%) followed by sexual assault (31.0%). Porto Alegre was the place of residence of most patients (73.6%). The most frequently used therapeutic regimen was the combination of atazanavir, ritonavir, and tenofovir plus lamivudine. On the first visit, 8.0% of the patients showed reactive results for the treponemal syphilis test. Only 23.0% and 14.9% of patients returned for anti-HIV tests in the first and third months after exposure, respectively, and the results were non-reactive. Only 19 patients (21.8%) attended the consultations between 0 and 28 days after PEP. Conclusion: It was identified that a considerable percentage of women already had reactive serology for syphilis, most women did not return for follow-up within 28 and 90 days after the first consultation, more than half of the women were aged between 20 and 29 years old, and the most frequent sexual exposure was consensual. In this sense, efforts are needed, such as adequate counseling, adoption of interventions such as sending messages by cell phone, telephone calls, and preparation of educational materials, seeking to improve adherence to treatment and follow-up in the service, which is important given the scenario of epidemiology in Porto Alegre.Keywords: HIV. Sexually transmitted diseases. Post-exposure prophylaxis. Disease prevention


Introdução: Estratégias de prevenção são fundamentais para o combate à epidemia de infecções como o vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV) e sífilis. O cenário epidemiológico de Porto Alegre/RS para essas infecções mostra a necessidade de maiores esforços na área de prevenção, buscando caracterizar tanto a população que utiliza essas estratégias quanto os serviços envolvidos no atendimento das pessoas expostas. Objetivo: Caracterizar o perfil clínico-epidemiológico das pacientes que receberam a profilaxia pós-exposição (PEP) ao HIV atendidas em um hospital público de Porto Alegre/RS. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo, documental, descritivo e baseado no Protocolo Clínico e Diretrizes Terapêuticas para PEP, atualizado em 2021 pelo Ministério da Saúde. Foram analisados os formulários de solicitação da profilaxia e prontuários das pacientes atendidas. Resultados: A população foi composta de 87 mulheres que receberam a PEP no período de janeiro a setembro de 2019. Predominaram mulheres com idades entre 20 e 29 anos (55,2%). A exposição sexual mais frequente foi a consentida (69,0%), seguida pela violência sexual (31,0%). Porto Alegre foi o local de residência da maioria das pacientes (73,6%). O esquema terapêutico utilizado com maior frequência foi a combinação com atazanavir, ritonavir e tenofovir associado à lamivudina. No primeiro atendimento, 8,0% das pacientes demonstraram resultados reagentes para o teste treponêmico de sífilis. Retornaram para a realização dos testes anti-HIV no primeiro e terceiro mês após a exposição apenas 23,0 e 14,9% das pacientes, respectivamente, e os resultados foram não reagentes. Apenas 19 delas (21,8%) compareceram às consultas entre zero e 28 dias posteriores à PEP. Conclusão: Foi identificado que um percentual considerável de mulheres já apresentava sorologia reagente para sífilis, a maioria das mulheres não retornou para o seguimento no período de 28 e 90 dias após o primeiro atendimento, mais da metade delas tinha idade entre 20 e 29 anos e a exposição sexual mais frequente foi a consentida. Nesse sentido, são necessários esforços como aconselhamento adequado, adoção de intervenções como o envio de mensagens pelo celular, ligações telefônicas e elaboração de materiais educativos, buscando a melhoria da adesão ao tratamento e do acompanhamento no serviço, o que é importante diante do cenário epidemiológico de Porto Alegre.Palavras-chave: HIV. Infecções sexualmente transmissíveis. Profilaxia pós-exposição. Prevenção


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Young Adult , HIV Infections/prevention & control , Anti-HIV Agents/administration & dosage , Post-Exposure Prophylaxis/statistics & numerical data , Retrospective Studies , Ritonavir/administration & dosage , Lamivudine/administration & dosage , Drug Therapy, Combination , Tenofovir/administration & dosage , Atazanavir Sulfate/administration & dosage
2.
Einstein (Säo Paulo) ; 18: eAO4995, 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1090037

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective To describe antiretroviral treatment regimens prescribed and their compliance with the Clinical Protocol and Therapy Guidelines of the Ministry of Health for the management of HIV infection. Methods Observational and descriptive study. Secondary data of the state of Paraná (Brazil) on drugs, treatment regimens, lines of treatment and number of individuals on treatment, from January to June 2018, were accessed at the Antiretroviral Agents Logistic Control System. Combinations of antiretroviral drugs (treatment regimens) were compared according to the current Clinical Protocol and Therapy Guidelines and non-compliances were classified and quantified. Results In Paraná, 35,127 individuals with HIV were treated with 253 different treatment regimens. Of the prescribed regimens, 19.1% were first-line, 27.4% second-line and 48.5% third-line. Among non-compliances, the most prevalent were absence of association of protease inhibitors and ritonavir (42.8%), low efficacy triple therapy (36.9%), double therapy (26.1%), monotherapy (20.3%), and triple therapy of nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors (17.1%). Conclusion Most individuals receiving HIV treatment in the state of Paraná are on treatment regimens established in the current Clinical Protocol and Therapy Guidelines, which contributes to successful therapy. However, associations not provided by the current Clinical Protocol and Therapy Guidelines were identified in the initial treatment lines, which could lead to ineffectiveness, virologic failure and viral resistance.


RESUMO Objetivo Descrever esquemas terapêuticos de antirretrovirais prescritos e sua conformidade com o Protocolo Clínico e Diretrizes Terapêuticas, do Ministério da Saúde, para manejo da infecção pelo HIV. Métodos Estudo observacional e descritivo. Os dados do estado do Paraná sobre medicamentos que compõem os esquemas terapêuticos, linhas de tratamento e número de pessoas em uso destes foram acessados no Sistema de Controle Logístico de Medicamentos Antirretrovirais no período de janeiro a junho de 2018. As combinações de antirretrovirais (esquemas terapêuticos) foram comparadas conforme o Protocolo Clínico e Diretrizes Terapêuticas vigente, e as inconformidades foram categorizadas e quantificadas. Resultados No Paraná, 35.127 pessoas com HIV foram tratadas com 253 esquemas terapêuticos distintos. Dentre os esquemas prescritos, 19,1% eram de primeira linha, 27,4% de segunda linha e 48,5% de terceira linha. Nas inconformidades, predominaram a não associação entre inibidores da protease e ritonavir (42,8%), terapia tripla de baixa eficiência (36,9%), terapia dupla (26,1%), monoterapia (20,3%) e terapia tripla de inibidores da transcriptase reversa análogos de nucleosídeos (17,1%). Conclusão Maior parte das pessoas em tratamento do HIV no Paraná utilizam esquemas terapêuticos previstos no Protocolo Clínico e Diretrizes Terapêuticas vigente, o que contribui para o sucesso terapêutico. Entretanto, associações não previstas foram identificadas nas linhas de tratamento iniciais, podendo ocasionar inefetividade, falha virológica e resistência viral.


Subject(s)
Humans , Clinical Protocols/standards , Guideline Adherence/standards , Anti-Retroviral Agents/administration & dosage , Brazil , HIV Infections/drug therapy , Anti-HIV Agents/administration & dosage , Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use , Guideline Adherence/statistics & numerical data , Anti-Retroviral Agents/therapeutic use , Drug Therapy, Combination/standards , Drug Therapy, Combination/statistics & numerical data , Medication Adherence/statistics & numerical data
3.
Rev. invest. clín ; 71(5): 330-338, Sep.-Oct. 2019. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1289703

ABSTRACT

Background In Mexico, the quality of health care for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients is unknown. The study objectives were to develop quality of care (QoC) indicators for outpatient care of HIV patients, evaluate the quality of the processes of care (QPC) and outcomes, and analyze the association between the QPC and viral suppression among HIV patients. Methods The study used a mixed-methods approach: (1) Development of QoC indicators through RAND/UCLA method; (2) cross-sectional study of QoC evaluation; and (3) multiple Poisson regressions to measure the association between the QPC and viral suppression. The study included 439 HIV patients, ≥ 19 years of age, with at least one outpatient consultation during 2017 at a public hospital in the State of Mexico. Results We developed 21 QoC indicators to evaluate HIV care. Based on these indicators, the QoC gaps that emerged were related to clinical history (24% of patient records included sexual history information), routine adherence assessment (no records demonstrated regular recording of antiretroviral treatment adherence), and screening and referral (50% were screened for depression, and 42% for tuberculosis; 1.2% of patients with abnormal body mass index were referred to a dietitian). On average, HIV patients received 63% of recommended QPC; 77.7% achieved viral suppression. Receiving over 75% of recommended QPC was associated with a higher probability of viral suppression (adjusted prevalence ratio 1.13, 95% confidence interval 1.03-1.24). Conclusions Evaluation of the QoC for HIV patients is essential to identify and address gaps in health-care quality to increase the probability of viral suppression.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Quality of Health Care , HIV Infections/therapy , Quality Indicators, Health Care , Delivery of Health Care/organization & administration , Cross-Sectional Studies , Anti-HIV Agents/administration & dosage , Delivery of Health Care/standards , Medication Adherence , Hospitals, Public , Mexico
5.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 24(9): 3407-3416, set. 2019. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1019676

ABSTRACT

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é avaliar a eficácia do uso do telefone para adesão de pessoas com HIV/AIDS à terapia antirretroviral. Realizou-se uma revisão sistemática, nas bases de dados: Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (Lilacs/Bireme), Scopus, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (Medline/PubMed), Web of Science; e nas bibliotecas Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SciELO) e Cochrane, com uso dos seguintes descritores: "HIV", "Cell Phones", "Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome" e "Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active". Obteve-se uma amostra de 17 artigos. As intervenções com uso de telefones celulares propostas foram: uso de aplicativos de celulares, Serviço de Mensagem Curta e chamadas telefônicas. Na maioria dos estudos, o uso do telefone trouxe impacto significativo sobre a adesão ao tratamento. A avaliação dos estudos apontou boa qualidade metodológica e sigilo de alocação adequado. Acerca dos métodos de mensuração da adesão destacou-se a autorrelatada. A utilização de telefone celular foi eficaz para a melhoria da adesão à terapia antirretroviral de pessoas vivendo com HIV.


Abstract This paper aims to evaluate the effectiveness of telephone use for the adherence of people with HIV/AIDS to antiretroviral therapy. A systematic review was carried out in the following databases: Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (Lilacs/ Bireme), SCOPUS, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE/PubMed), Web of Science; and in the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) and Cochrane libraries, using the following descriptors: "HIV", "Cell Phones", "Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome" and "Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active". We gathered a sample of 17 papers. The proposed cellphone interventions were the use of cellular applications, Short Message Service, and telephone calls. In most studies, telephone use has had a significant impact on adherence to treatment. The evaluation of the studies showed good methodological quality and adequate allocation secrecy. Self-reported adherence emerged among the adherence measuring methods. Cellphone use was effective in improving adherence to antiretroviral therapy for people living with HIV.


Subject(s)
Humans , HIV Infections/drug therapy , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/drug therapy , Medication Adherence , Telephone , Anti-HIV Agents/administration & dosage , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/statistics & numerical data , Cell Phone
6.
Colomb. med ; 50(3): 142-152, July-Sept. 2019. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1098191

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction: Although HAART cannot eradicate HIV, it suppresses viral replication, resulting in a progressive reduction in HIV-related morbidity and mortality. The increase in life expectancy for HIV-infected patients has turned this disease into a chronic disease and, therefore, to the appearance of comorbidities. At the same time there is an increase in the use of concomitant medication, making HIV-infected patient a polymedicated patient. Objective: To determine the degree of polypharmacy and to describe clinically relevant drug interactions, as well as the comorbidities and adherence to HAART in HIV + patients over 50 years. Methods: Observational, transversal study. Patients ≥50 years on HAART ambulatory were included. The variables were collected: aged, sex, VL, CD4, comorbidities, ARV, concomitant medication, herbal products and adherence. Patients who did not sign informed consent were excluded. Results: Were included 154 patients ≥50 years on HAART. The presence of polypharmacy, defined as the use of 5 or more medications including HAART, was 40.3%. 73.4% of the patients had concomitant medication: lipid-lowering agents (33.8%), anxiolytics / sedatives (28.6%), proton-pump inhibitors (26.0%) antihypertensive agents (23.4%). 102 relevant interactions were recorded, finding statistically significant differences in relation to the presence of polypharmacy and pharmacologic drugs classes (p <0.001). Conclusion: The prevalence of polypharmacy among HIV+ patients ≥50 years is high. Comorbidities, interactions and drugs associated were similar to those described in the literature. It is necessary to establish priorities in relation to drug interactions with polypharmacy and a correct approach to the pathologies that may develop.


Resumen Introducción: El HAART, si bien no puede erradicar la infección por el VIH, mantiene suprimida la replicación viral obteniendo una progresiva reducción de la morbimortalidad. El aumento de la esperanza de vida ha convertido a esta enfermedad en una patología crónica y por tanto, a la aparición de comorbilidades. Paralelamente, se produce un incremento en el uso de medicamentos que califican al paciente VIH como polimedicado. Objetivos: Determinar el grado de polifarmacia, describir las interacciones relevantes, así como conocer las comorbilidades y la adherencia al HAART en pacientes VIH+ ≥50 años. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, transversal. Se incluyeron pacientes ≥50 años VIH + con terapia HAART ambulatoria. Se recogieron las variables: edad, sexo, carga viral, CD4, comorbilidades, tratamiento antirretroviral, medicación concomitante, productos de herboristería y adherencia. Resultados: Se incluyeron 154 pacientes ≥50 años con HAART. La polifarmacia, definida como la presencia de 5 o más principios activos incluido el HAART, se presentaron en el 40.3% de los pacientes. El 73.4% tenía medicación concomitante: hipolipemiantes (33.8%), ansiolíticos/sedantes (28.6%), inhibidores de la bomba de protones (26.0%), antihipertensivos (23.4%). Se registraron 102 interacciones relevantes encontrándose diferencias estadísticamente significativas en relación a la presencia de polifarmacia y al grupo farmacológico antirretroviral (p <0.001). Conclusiones: Existe una alta prevalencia de polifarmacia en pacientes VIH+ ≥50 años. Las comorbilidades, las interacciones identificadas y la medicación concomitante fueron similares a las descritas en la literatura. Es necesario establecer prioridades en relación a las interacciones farmacológicas con la polifarmacia y un correcto abordaje de las patologías que se puedan desarrollar.


Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , HIV Infections/drug therapy , Anti-HIV Agents/administration & dosage , Polypharmacy , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/statistics & numerical data , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Drug Interactions , Medication Adherence
7.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 36(4): 490-495, ago. 2019. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1042666

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción: El impacto del cambio de terapia antiretroviral (TAR) para tratar la dislipidemia en pacientes infectados por VIH no ha sido reportado en Chile. Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad y seguridad a 12 meses del cambio de TAR a esquema con raltegravir (RAL) para tratar la dislipidemia. Material y Métodos: Cohorte retrospectiva de pacientes con infección por VIH en TAR, atendidos en Fundación Arriarán, con dislipidemia y que cambiaron a esquema con RAL para tratarla. Resultados: Se incluyó 73 casos, en TAR con inhibidores no nucleosídicos de transcriptasa reversa (INNTR; 50,7%) o inhibidores de proteasa (IP; 49,3%), con dislipidemia mixta (42,5%) o hipertrigliceridemia aislada (57,5%). La mediana de colesterol total (CT) y triglicéridos (TG) basales era 228 mg/dl y 420 mg/dl, respectivamente. El 94,5% tenía carga viral (CV) indetectable. Se modificó TAR de base en 58,4%; 89,1% recibía hipolipemiantes. Las concentraciones plasmáticas de lípidos descendieron significativamente a 12 meses (TG= −43,6%; CT= −19,3%). Ningún paciente presentó fracaso virológico, aunque 10,9% tuvo viremia detectable a 12 meses, mayoritariamente transitoria. Conclusiones: El cambio de TAR a RAL en pacientes dislipidémicos tratados con INNTR o IP reduce significativamente las concentraciones plasmáticas de TG y CT a 12 meses. Es una estrategia segura, pero puede observarse viremia transitoria.


Background: The impact of switching antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimen for dyslipidemia management in HIV-infected (HIV+) patients has not been reported in Chile. Aim: To assess effectiveness and safety at 12 months after switching to raltegravir-based regimen for dyslipidemia management. Methods: Retrospective cohort of HIV+ patients receiving ART at Arriaran Foundation, with dyslipidemia switched to raltegravir-based regimen for lipid management. Results: 73 patients were included, receiving ART based in nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI; 50,7%) or protease inhibitor (PI; 49,3%), with mixed dyslipidemia (42,5%) or isolated hypertriglyceridemia (57,5%). At baseline, median total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG) were 228 mg/dl and 420 mg/dl, respectively; undetectable viral load (VL) was present in 94,5% of patients. Backbone ART was switched in 58,4% and lipid-lowering therapy was used by 89,1% of them. At 12 months, there was a significant decrease in TG (-43,6%) and TC (-19,3%). No cases of virologic failure were observed, although 10,9% of patients had detectable VL at 12 months, mostly transient. Conclusions: Switching ART to raltegravir-based regimen in dyslipidemic patients receiving NNRTI or PI is associated with a significative decrease in TG and TC at 12 months. This strategy is safe, but VL can be increased temporarily.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , HIV Infections/drug therapy , HIV Protease Inhibitors/adverse effects , Anti-HIV Agents/administration & dosage , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/methods , Dyslipidemias/prevention & control , Raltegravir Potassium/administration & dosage , HIV Infections/blood , Retrospective Studies , Cohort Studies , Follow-Up Studies , CD4 Lymphocyte Count , Viral Load
8.
Biomédica (Bogotá) ; 39(supl.2): 66-77, ago. 2019. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1038829

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción. La prevención de la transmisión materno-infantil del virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (Human Immunodeficiency Virus, HIV) es una estrategia fundamental para evitar la infección en niños. A nivel local, se desconoce la situación de las mujeres gestantes infectadas por HIV y el grado de observancia de las estrategias reconocidas mundialmente para disminuir la transmisión perinatal. Objetivo. Describir las características sociodemográficas y clínicas de las mujeres gestantes con HIV y de sus hijos en un centro de referencia de Medellín. Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo entre 2012 y 2015 mediante la revisión de las historias clínicas de las mujeres gestantes con HIV y de sus neonatos habidos en partos atendidos en el Hospital San Vicente Fundación. Se describieron las variables de atención prenatal, parto, recién nacido y seguimiento de los neonatos. Resultados. Se analizaron 106 madres y sus hijos expuestos al HIV. El 39,6 % de las mujeres gestantes conocía el diagnóstico antes del embarazo y al 58,5 % se le diagnosticó durante este. El 95,3 % de las mujeres gestantes asistió a control prenatal, 46,5 % de ellas a partir del primer trimestre. Si bien el 95 % recibió antirretrovirales, el 23,9 % comenzó a tomarlos tardíamente en el tercer trimestre. Solo el 63 % de las mujeres registró carga viral para el HIV después de la semana 34 de gestación. El 90,6 % de los partos fueron por cesárea, y el virus del papiloma humano y la sífilis fueron las principales infecciones concomitantes. Se hizo seguimiento de 103 niños (no fue posible localizar a tres de ellos para el seguimiento), a ninguno se le confirmó la presencia del HIV y, en el 88 %, se descartó. Conclusiones. En este estudio, no se registraron casos de transmisión perinatal. Sin embargo, siguen presentándose fallas y retrasos en la atención prenatal y en la oportunidad del seguimiento materno para confirmar oportunamente el HIV y para detectar tempranamente infecciones maternas concomitantes que eviten la morbilidad y las secuelas en los neonatos.


Abstract Introduction: Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is essential to limit the spread of the disease. Colombian data about HIV infection in pregnancy are scarce, as well as on the results of the strategies used worldwide to reduce perinatal transmission. Objective: To describe the characteristics and outcomes of pregnant women infected with HIV and their children in a reference center in Medellín. Materials and methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study for the 2012- 2015 period by studying the clinical records of newborns exposed to HIV and their mothers. We evaluated the characteristics of prenatal care, deliveries, and infant postnatal care, as well as the follow-up data to confirm or exclude HIV transmission. Results: We included 106 infants and their mothers. We found that 39,6% of mothers knew about the HIV diagnosis before pregnancy and 58,5% were diagnosed during pregnancy; 95.3% of them attended prenatal controls, but only 46.5% as of the first trimester; 95% of them received antiretrovirals, but 23.9% started therapy just during the third trimester. Only 63% of women had a viral load for HIV after 34 weeks of gestation. None of the 103 children with follow up had confirmed presence for HIV and in 88% of them, it was discarded. Conclusions: No cases of perinatal HIV transmission were found in the study. However, difficulties and delays persist in prenatal care, in timely maternal follow-up to confirm or discard HIV, and for early detection of maternal co-infections and their effects on newborns.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Pregnancy , Young Adult , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious , Prenatal Care , Quality of Health Care , HIV Infections/transmission , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/prevention & control , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/drug therapy , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/epidemiology , Hospitals, Urban , Sexually Transmitted Diseases/epidemiology , Comorbidity , HIV Infections/congenital , HIV Infections/prevention & control , HIV Infections/drug therapy , Cesarean Section , Retrospective Studies , HIV-1 , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Colombia/epidemiology , Anti-HIV Agents/administration & dosage , Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use , Guideline Adherence , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active , Early Diagnosis , Secondary Care Centers , Infant Care
9.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 24(7): 2543-2555, jul. 2019. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1011852

ABSTRACT

Resumo A AIDS é uma manifestação clínica avançada da infecção pelo HIV. Gera imunodeficiência grave e inúmeras infecções associadas, podendo levar à morte. A disponibilidade da Terapia Antirretroviral (TARV) diminuiu a morbi-mortalidade do HIV/AIDS, mas seus benefícios dependem da adesão ao tratamento. Esta revisão integrativa da literatura seguiu a estratégia PICO para identificar os fatores associados à adesão à TARV em adultos. Foram consultadas as bases Medline, SciELO, Lilacs e PePSIC e incluídos artigos publicados entre janeiro de 2010 e dezembro de 2016. Foram analisados 125 artigos, quanto às características dos estudos, medidas de adesão e fatores associados. Os resultados mostraram grande variação na definição da adesão e no uso das medidas para seu monitoramento, além de inúmeros fatores associados à adesão. Os quais foram agrupados nas categorias: 1. variáveis individuais; 2. características do tratamento; 3. características da infecção pelo HIV/AIDS; 4. relação com o serviço de saúde e 5. apoio social. É importante que os serviços caracterizem o perfil dos usuários, sistematizem as medidas de adesão e avaliem regionalmente fatores associados à adesão, para a detecção precoce da não adesão à TARV e estabelecimento de planos efetivos de intervenção.


Abstract AIDS is an advanced clinical manifestation of HIV infection. It generates severe immunodeficiency and associated infections that may lead to death. The antiretroviral therapy (ART) has reduced the morbimortality of HIV/AIDS, but its benefits depend on ART adherence. This integrative review followed the PICO method to identify factors associated with adult adherence to ART. Empirical papers published between January 2010 and December 2016 in the Medline, SciELO, Lilacs and PePSIC databases were included. We analyzed 125 papers regarding the characteristics of studies, adherence measures and associated factors. Results showed a wide variety in the definition of adherence and the use of measures for its monitoring, as well as several adherence-associated factors. These were categorized as follows: 1- Individual variables; 2- Treatment characteristics; 3- HIV/aids infection characteristics; 4- Relationship with the health services; 5- Social support. Health services should characterize the users' profiles, systematize adherence measures and regionally assess adherence-associated factors for the early detection of non-adherence to ART and implementation of effective intervention plans.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , HIV Infections/drug therapy , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/drug therapy , Anti-HIV Agents/administration & dosage , Social Support , Medication Adherence/statistics & numerical data
10.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 24(5): 1903-1914, Mai. 2019. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1001806

ABSTRACT

Abstract The aim of this study was to describe metabolic changes in HIV/AIDS patients according to the treatment regimen. It was a retrospective cohort conducted from 2002 to 2014. Researchers surveyed clinical variables and treatment regimen of 538 individuals. They used measures of central tendency and marginal logistic regression to determine the influence of the treatment regimen on clinical variables over time; survival was estimated using Kaplan-Meier curves. 56.2% of patients were male, 82.2% white, 33.8% had 4 to 7 years of study, 49.2% were married, 98.5% had sexual transmission, and 89.0% were heterosexuals. During the study period, 24.4% had hypertension, 18.2% changed cholesterol, 39.7% low HDL, 51.3% high triglycerides and 33.3% hyperglycemia. Treatment regimens with nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors associated with protease inhibitors, and the association of different classes of antiretrovirals have been associated with greater lipid changes. Higher metabolic changes were observed in patients with longer treatment time. It is concluded that preventive measures, as well as early treatment, can contribute to minimize the risks of developing cardiovascular diseases.


Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever os fatores de risco cardiovascular em pacientes HIV/AIDS de acordo com o esquema terapêutico utilizado. Estudo de Coorte retrospectiva no período de 2002 a 2014. Foram levantadas variáveis clínicas e esquema de tratamento de 538 indivíduos. Utilizaram-se medidas de tendência central, e regressão marginal logística para verificar a influência do esquema de tratamento sobre variáveis clinicas ao longo do tempo. Dos pacientes, 56,2% eram homens, 82,2% brancos, 33,8% tinham entre 4 a 7 anos de estudo, 49,2% eram casados, 98,5% tiveram transmissão sexual e 89,0% eram heterossexuais. A idade média no diagnóstico foi de 36,3 anos. Durante o período de estudo, 24,4% hipertensão arterial, 18,2% colesterol alterado, 39,7% HDL baixo, 51,3% triglicerídeos elevados e 33,3% hiperglicemia. Os esquemas de tratamento com Inibidores da transcriptase reversa nucleotídeos associados a inibidores da protease, e a associação de diferentes classes de antirretrovirais estiveram associados a maiores alterações lipídicas e maiores alterações metabólicas com maior tempo de tratamento. Conclui-se que medidas preventivas, bem como tratamento precoce pode contribuir para minimizar os riscos de desenvolvimento de doenças cardiovasculares.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Young Adult , Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology , HIV Infections/drug therapy , Anti-HIV Agents/administration & dosage , Lipids/blood , Brazil/epidemiology , Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Cohort Studies , Anti-HIV Agents/adverse effects , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/adverse effects , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/methods , Middle Aged
12.
Cad. Saúde Pública (Online) ; 34(10): e00009618, oct. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-974575

ABSTRACT

Abstract: The latest Brazilian guideline recommended the reduction of routine CD4+ T cell counts for the monitoring of patients with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) under combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety of monitoring response to cART in HIV-1 infection using routine viral load at shorter intervals and CD4+ T cell count at longer intervals. CD4+ T cell counts and HIV-1 viral load were evaluated in 1,906 HIV-1-infected patients under cART during a three-year follow-up. Patients were stratified as sustained, non-sustained and non-responders. The proportion of patients who showed a CD4+ T > 350cells/µL at study entry among those with sustained, non-sustained and non-responders to cART and who remained with values above this threshold during follow-up was 94.1%, 81.8% and 71.9%, respectively. HIV-1-infected patients who are sustained virologic responders and have initial CD4+ T cell counts > 350cells/µL showed a higher chance of maintaining the counts of these cells above this threshold during follow-up than those presenting CD4+ T ≤ 350cells/µL (OR = 39.9; 95%CI: 26.5-60.2; p < 0.001). This study showed that HIV-1-infected patients who had sustained virologic response and initial CD4+ T > 350cells/µL were more likely to maintain CD4+ T cell counts above this threshold during the next three-year follow-up. This result underscores that the evaluation of CD4+ T cell counts in longer intervals does not impair the safety of monitoring cART response when routine viral load assessment is performed in HIV-1-infected patients with sustained virologic response.


Resumo: O último consenso brasileiro recomenda reduzir a rotina de contagem de linfócitos T CD4+ para monitorar os pacientes com HIV-1 sob terapia antirretroviral combinada (TARV). O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a segurança do monitoramento à TARV na infecção pelo HIV-1, realizando a carga viral a intervalos mais curtos e a contagem de linfócitos T CD4+ a intervalos mais longos. Foram avaliadas a contagem de linfócitos T CD4+ e a carga viral do HIV-1 em 1.906 pacientes com HIV-1 em uso de TARV durante um seguimento de três anos. Os pacientes foram estratificados em: resposta sustentada, não sustentada e não respondedores. As proporções de pacientes com linfócitos T CD4+ > 350células/µL na linha de base do estudo entre de resposta sustentada, não sustentada e não respondedores à TARV e que permaneceram com valores acima desse limiar ao longo do seguimento foram 94,1%, 81,8% e 71,9%, respectivamente. Os pacientes com resposta virológica sustentada e que tinham contagem de T CD4+ > 350células/µL mostraram maior probabilidade de manter a contagem acima desse limiar durante o seguimento, quando comparados àqueles com T CD4+ ≤ 350células/µL (OR = 39,9; 95%CI: 26,5-60,2; p < 0,001). O estudo mostrou que pacientes HIV-1+ com resposta virológica sustentada e contagem de linfócitos T CD4+ > 350células/µL tinham maior probabilidade de manter a contagem de células T CD4+ acima desse limiar durante o seguimento de três anos subsequentes. O resultado corrobora que a contagem de linfócitos T CD4+ com intervalos mais longos não compromete a segurança do monitoramento da resposta à TARV quando a avaliação da carga viral é feita de rotina em pacientes HIV-1+ com resposta virológica sustentada.


Resumen: Las últimas directrices brasileñas recomendaron la reducción de la rutina en el recuento celular CD4+ T para pacientes con el virus de inmunodeficiencia humano tipo 1 (VIH-1), con terapia de combinación antirretroviral (cART por sus siglas en inglês). El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la seguridad de la monitorización de la respuesta a la cART en una infección por VIH-1, usando rutinas de carga viral en intervalos más cortos y recuento celular CD4+ T en intervalos más largos. Se evaluaron el recuento celular CD4+ T y la carga viral VIH-1 en 1.906 pacientes infectados con VIH-1 y con cART durante un seguimiento que duró tres años. Los pacientes fueron estratificados como constantes, inconstantes y sin respuesta. La proporción de pacientes que mostraron CD4+ T > 350células/µL en el estudio entran dentro del grupo de los constantes, inconstantes y sin respuesta al cART, y quienes permanecieron con valores por encima de este umbral durante los seguimientos fueron 94,1%, 81,8% y 71,9%, respectivamente. Los pacientes infectados por VIH-1 que cuentan con la respuesta virológica constante y tienen un recuento inicial CD4+ T > 350células/µL mostraron una oportunidad más alta de mantener el recuento de estas células por encima del umbral durante los seguimientos, respecto a quienes presentaban CD4+ T células ≤ 350células/µL (OR = 39,9; IC95%: 26,5-60,2; p < 0,001). Este estudio expuso que los pacientes infectados por VIH-1, que habían tenido una respuesta virológica constante e inicial CD4+ T > 350células/µL, eran más propensos a mantener el recuento de células CD4+ T por encima de este umbral durante los tres años posteriores de seguimiento. Este resultado destaca que la evaluación del cómputo de células CD4+ T en intervalos más largos no obstaculiza la seguridad al realizar una monitorización en la respuesta a cART, cuando la evaluación de la carga viral rutinaria se realiza en pacientes infectados por VIH-1 con una respuesta virológica constante.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , HIV Infections/drug therapy , HIV-1/immunology , CD4 Lymphocyte Count/methods , Anti-HIV Agents/administration & dosage , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/methods , Socioeconomic Factors , Time Factors , Follow-Up Studies , Longitudinal Studies , HIV-1/drug effects , Anti-HIV Agents/adverse effects , Viral Load/drug effects , Viral Load/immunology , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/adverse effects , Middle Aged
13.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 23(7): 2277-2290, jul. 2018. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-952693

ABSTRACT

Resumo Este artigo analisa a ação de atores nacionais e internacionais na Assistência Farmacêutica (AF) em Moçambique, no período de 2007 a 2012, com foco na provisão pública de medicamentos para HIV/Aids, malária e tuberculose. Descreve-se o funcionamento da AF no país; os atores que atuam nesse âmbito e as relações entre eles; discutem-se questões relevantes sobre o modus operandi dos parceiros de cooperação. A metodologia combinou: revisão bibliográfica, levantamento e análise documental e entrevistas. O marco teórico e analítico utilizou a análise de políticas públicas com foco no papel do Estado e suas inter-relações como os demais atores na ajuda externa na área farmacêutica e a abordagem de redes. Conclui-se que a interação entre os atores envolvidos é complexa, caraterizada pela fragmentação operacional e sobreposição de atividades entre diversos entes; centralização da aquisição de medicamentos na mão de poucos agentes; by pass das estruturas nacionais e desconsideração do necessário fortalecimento do sistema nacional de saúde para a construção de sua autonomia. A despeito de alguns avanços na provisão e disponibilidade de medicamentos para essas doenças, existe forte dependência externa nesse âmbito, o que obstaculiza a sustentabilidade da AF em Moçambique.


Abstract This article examines the activities of national and international actors in Pharmaceutical Services (PS) in Mozambique from 2007 to 2012, focusing on the public provision of HIV/Aids, malaria and tuberculosis medicines. It describes how PS functions in the country, what actors are involved in this area and the relations among them, pursuing salient issues in the modus operandi of partners in cooperation. The methodology combines literature review, document survey and analysis and interviews. The theoretical and analytical framework was given by the policy analysis approach, focusing on the role of the State and its interrelations with other actors in foreign aid in PS, and also by the networks approach. It was concluded that the interactions among the actors involved is complex and characterised by operational fragmentation and overlapping of activities between entities, centralised medicine procurement in the hands of few agents, bypassing of national structures and disregard for the strengthening needed to bolster national health system autonomy. Despite some advances in the provision and availability of medicines for these diseases, external dependence is strong, which undermines the sustainability of PS in Mozambique.


Subject(s)
Humans , Pharmaceutical Services/organization & administration , International Cooperation , Tuberculosis/drug therapy , HIV Infections/drug therapy , Anti-HIV Agents/administration & dosage , Anti-HIV Agents/supply & distribution , Health Policy , Malaria/drug therapy , Mozambique , Antimalarials/administration & dosage , Antimalarials/supply & distribution , Antitubercular Agents/administration & dosage , Antitubercular Agents/supply & distribution
15.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 23(5): 1459-1470, Mai. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-890576

ABSTRACT

Abstract Scores to predict treatment outcomes have earned a well-deserved place in healthcare practice. However, when used to help achieve excellence in the care of a given disease, scores should also take into account organizational and social aspects. This article aims to create scores to obtain key variables and its application in the management of care of a given disease. We present a method called Epidemiological Planning for Patient Care Trajectory (PELC) and its application in a research of HIV pediatric patients. This case study is presented by means of two studies. The first study deals with the development of the method PELC. The second is HIV Pediatric case-control study based on PELC method. HIV pediatric research - the first practical PELC application - found these four key variables to the individual quality level care trajectories: adherence to ART, attending at least one appointment with the otolaryngologist, attending at least one appointment with social services, and having missed one or more routine appointments. We believe PELC method can be used in researches about any kind of care trajectories, contributing to quality level advancements in health services, with emphasis on patient safety and equity in healthcare.


Resumo O uso de escores preditores ganhou merecido espaço nas práticas de saúde. Todavia, quando usados para alcançar a excelência do cuidado, os escores devem levar em conta também aspectos organizacionais e sociais. O objetivo deste artigo é criar escores para obter variáveis-chaves e sua aplicação na gestão do cuidado de uma determinada doença. Apresentamos um método chamado Planejamento Epidemiológico de Linha de Cuidado (PELC) e sua aplicação em pesquisa com pacientes HIV pediátricos. Este estudo de caso é apresentado por meio de dois estudos. O primeiro, sobre o desenvolvimento do método PELC. O segundo é um estudo de caso-controle em pacientes pediátricos com HIV, realizado com base no método PELC. A pesquisa HIV Pediátrico - primeira aplicação do método PELC - encontrou 4 variáveis chaves para o grau de qualidade da trajetoria de cuidado do paciente: aderência ao antirretroviral; ter pelo menos uma consulta no otorrinolaringologista; ter pelo menos uma consulta com assistente social; e ter faltado uma ou mais vezes a consulta de rotina. Acreditamos que o PELC pode ser aplicado em qualquer tipo de linha de cuidado, contribuindo para avanços na qualidade dos serviços de saúde, com ênfase na segurança do paciente e na equidade.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Outcome Assessment, Health Care/methods , Delivery of Health Care/organization & administration , Patient Care/standards , Health Services Research/methods , Appointments and Schedules , Quality of Health Care , Case-Control Studies , HIV Infections/therapy , Epidemiologic Methods , Patient Compliance/statistics & numerical data , Treatment Outcome , Anti-HIV Agents/administration & dosage , Delivery of Health Care/standards , Medication Adherence/statistics & numerical data
16.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 23(1): 115-122, Jan. 2018. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-890487

ABSTRACT

Resumo Esta revisão integrativa da literatura tem por objetivo identificar as principais lesões bucais que afetam pacientes pediátricos com HIV, bem como descrever o efeito da terapia antirretroviral altamente ativa (HAART) sobre essas lesões, comparando-a com a terapia antirretroviral (ART). Foi feita uma busca nas bases de dados PubMed e Scielo, seguindo critérios de inclusão e exclusão pré-determinados. Foram selecionados dezenove artigos científicos e extraídas as informações principais sobre prevalência e a frequência das manifestações bucais em pacientes pediátricos HIV positivos e o efeito da terapêutica aplicada. As lesões mais frequentes foram candidíase oral, gengivite, aumento das parótidas e eritema gengival linear. O uso da HAART mostrou diminuir a prevalência das manifestações bucais nos pacientes pediátricos com HIV e ser mais eficaz que a ART. Os achados deste estudo sugerem que a manifestação bucal mais frequente em pacientes pediátricos com HIV é a candidíase oral, seguida de alterações como gengivite e aumento das glândulas parótidas. O uso de HAART parece reduzir a prevalência dessas lesões orais, apresentando resultados mais eficazes que os da ART.


Abstract This integrative literature review aims to identify the main oral lesions affecting pediatric patients with HIV, and describe the effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on these injuries, comparing it to antiretroviral therapy (ART). A search was conducted in PubMed and Scielo databases, following predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. 19 papers were selected and the main information on the prevalence and frequency of oral manifestations in HIV-positive pediatric patients and effect of therapy applied were extracted. The most frequent injuries were oral candidiasis, gingivitis, parotid gland enlargement and linear gingival erythema. The use of HAART shown to reduce the prevalence of oral manifestations in pediatric patients with HIV and be more effective than ART. The findings of this study suggest that the most frequent oral manifestation in HIV-infected children is oral candidiasis, followed by changes such as gingivitis and enlargement parotid glands. The use of HAART appears to reduce the prevalence of these oral lesions, showing more effective results than ART.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , HIV Infections/complications , Anti-HIV Agents/administration & dosage , Mouth Diseases/etiology , Parotid Gland/pathology , Candidiasis, Oral/etiology , Candidiasis, Oral/prevention & control , Candidiasis, Oral/epidemiology , HIV Infections/drug therapy , HIV Infections/epidemiology , Prevalence , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/prevention & control , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/epidemiology , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/methods , Gingivitis/etiology , Gingivitis/prevention & control , Gingivitis/epidemiology , Mouth Diseases/prevention & control
18.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 23(11): 3649-3662, Oct. 2018. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-974742

ABSTRACT

Resumo O tratamento da aids implica a utilização de diversos medicamentos que compõem a terapia antirretroviral, sendo o controle logístico monitorado por um sistema nacional informatizado de dispensação, o Sistema de Controle Logístico de Medicamentos (SICLOM). O objetivo foi investigar a utilização da terapia antirretroviral de pacientes de dois hospitais universitários no Estado do Rio de Janeiro a partir do SICLOM. Foi realizado um estudo seccional com coleta de dados sociodemográficos e de dispensação, a partir do SICLOM. A avaliação da posse para estimativa de pacientes não aderidos foi realizada através do indicador de proporção de dias cobertos (PDC). Foram incluídos 538 pacientes com cadastro ativo no SICLOM, maiores de 18 anos de ambos os sexos. O ARV mais utilizado em ambos os hospitais foi lamivudina, dentre 58 esquemas diferentes identificados. A maior parte dos pacientes utilizava esquemas classificados como de primeira linha de tratamento. Em média, a proporção de dias cobertos (posse) pelo tratamento foi 88% (± 0,16). A linha de tratamento mostrou associação estatística com a posse, sendo observado melhor PDC 91% (p < 0,001) para os esquemas resgate. Este estudo corroborou o SICLOM como uma boa fonte para conhecimento do perfil de utilização de ARV.


Abstract Treatment of AIDS involves the use of the cocktail of drugs that make up the antiretroviral therapy. Its logistic control is monitored by a computerized national system of dispensation, the Logistic Control System of Medication (SICLOM). This study aimed to investigate, by means of SICLOM data, the use of antiretroviral therapy in patients treated at two University Hospitals in the state of Rio de Janeiro. A cross-sectional study was conducted with sociodemographic and dispensation data collected from SICLOM. The evaluation of drug ownership was done by calculating the Proportion of Days Covered (PDC). Five hundred and thirty-eight patients of both genders with active registration in SICLOM and over 18 years of age were included. The ART most used in both hospitals was lamivudine, considering the total of 58 different schemes identified. The mean of possession of groups was 88% (± 0,16). The factor associated with possession of drugs was the ART scheme, with PDC of 91% (p<0,001) for rescue schemes. This study confirmed that SICLOM was a reliable source to establish the profile of the population assisted.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , HIV Infections/drug therapy , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/drug therapy , Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Anti-HIV Agents/administration & dosage , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/methods , Drug Therapy, Combination , Hospitals, University , Middle Aged
19.
Rev. saúde pública (Online) ; 52: 87, 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-979022

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy and the associated factors according to the type of regimen used: Single Tablet Regimen or Multiple Tablet Regimen. METHODS Prospective cohort of 440 patients (male, 74.3%, median age, 36 years old) who initiated antiretroviral therapy between Jan/14 and Dec/15 at a referral service in Belo Horizonte. Efficacy was defined as viral suppression (viral load, VL < 50 copies/ml) and evaluated after six and twelve months of treatment. Sociodemographic, clinical and behavioral data were collected from clinical charts and from Information Systems. Multivariate analysis of overall effectiveness was performed by logistic regression. RESULTS Most patients initiated Multiple Tablet Regimen antiretroviral therapy (n = 255, 58%). At six months, overall viral suppression was 74.6%, being higher among patients who used Single Tablet Regimen (80.6%, p = 0.04). At twelve months, 83.2% of patients reached viral suppression, with no difference between groups (p = 0.93). Factors independently associated with viral suppression at six and twelve months varied, being negatively associated with effectiveness: VL ≥ 100,000 copies/ml, symptoms of AIDS, longer interval time between diagnosis and initiation of antiretroviral therapy, antiretroviral switching, smoking or current illicit drugs usage (p < 0.05). Factors positively associated with viral suppression included adherence to antiretroviral therapy and category of risk/exposure of men who have sex with men (p < 0.05). Reaching viral suppression at six months was the main predictor of effectiveness at one year (OR = 8.96 and p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Viral suppression was high and better results were achieved for patients who used Single Tablet Regimen regimens at six months. Clinical, behavioral, and antiretroviral therapy -related factors influence viral suppression and highlight the need for interventions to increase early diagnosis and initiation of antiretroviral therapy, patient's adherence, and to reduce illicit drugs and cigarette smoking in this population.


RESUMO OBJETIVO Avaliar a efetividade da terapia antirretroviral e fatores associados segundo o tipo de esquema utilizado: medicamento em dose fixa combinada ou múltiplos medicamentos e doses. MÉTODOS Coorte prospectiva não concorrente de 440 pacientes que iniciaram terapia antirretroviral entre janeiro de 2014 e dezembro de 2015 em Belo Horizonte, MG. A efetividade foi definida como supressão viral (carga viral [CV] < 50 cópias/ml) e avaliada após seis e 12 meses de tratamento. Dados sociodemográficos, clínicos e comportamentais foram coletados de prontuário clínico e de sistemas de informação. A análise múltipla da efetividade global foi realizada por regressão logística. RESULTADOS A maioria dos pacientes iniciou terapia antirretroviral com múltiplos medicamentos e doses (58%). Aos seis meses, a supressão viral global foi 74,6%, maior entre pacientes que utilizaram dose fixa combinada (80,6%; p = 0,04). Aos 12 meses, 83,2% dos pacientes atingiram supressão viral, sem diferença entre os grupos (p = 0,93). Fatores independentemente associados à supressão viral em seis e 12 meses variaram, e foram negativamente associados à efetividade: CV ≥ 100.000 cópias/ml, sintomas definidores de aids, maior intervalo de tempo entre diagnóstico e início da terapia antirretroviral, troca de antirretroviral e consumo de tabaco ou drogas ilícitas (p < 0,05). Fatores positivamente associados à supressão viral incluíram adesão à terapia antirretroviral e categoria de risco/exposição de homens que fazem sexo com homens (p < 0,05). Atingir supressão viral aos seis meses foi o principal preditor de efetividade em um ano (OR = 8,96; p < 0,01). CONCLUSÕES A supressão viral foi elevada e superior para pacientes que utilizaram esquemas de dose fixa combinada aos seis meses. Fatores clínicos, comportamentais e relacionados à terapia antirretroviral influenciaram a supressão viral e evidenciam a necessidade de intervenções para aumentar o diagnóstico, o início precoce e a adesão dos pacientes à terapia antirretroviral, bem como reduzir o uso de drogas ilícitas e tabaco nesta população.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , HIV Infections/drug therapy , Anti-HIV Agents/administration & dosage , Brazil , HIV Infections/virology , Prospective Studies , Follow-Up Studies , Viral Load/drug effects , Drug Combinations , Life Style , Middle Aged
20.
Colomb. med ; 48(2): 70-81, Apr,-June 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-890859

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction: Initial treatment of the HIV is based on the use of three drugs, two of which are nucleoside analog reverse-transcriptase inhibitors. There are three combinations of these drugs which have been approved by different guidelines, each with divergent results in terms of efficacy and safety. Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of these three combinations. Methods: Systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials comparing fixed doses of Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate / Emtricitabine (TDF/FTC), Abacavir / Lamivudine (ABC/3TC) and Zidovudine / Lamivudine (ZDV/3TC). Results: Seven clinical trials met the eligibility criteria. The results suggested higher efficacy with TDF/FTC vs. ABC/3TC at 96 weeks and vs. ZDV/3TC at 48 weeks. However, there is clinical and statistical heterogeneity. Subgroup analysis were performed by third drug and by level of viral load prior to treatment, and found no differences in virological control. Network meta-analysis could only be carried out with TDF/FTC vs. ZDV/3TC, and the proportion of patients with virological response, with no differences at 48 weeks nor at 96 weeks. Direct comparisons showed an increased risk of bone marrow suppression of ZDV/3TC vs. TDF/FTC and of ABC/3TC hypersensitivity reactions vs. ZDV/3TC Conclusions: The results did not show differences in effectiveness among the interventions. However, due to the heterogeneity of the third drug and the follow-up time between the included studies, this result is not definitive. The results raise the need for further studies to help improve treatment recommendations in patients infected with HIV.


Resumen Introducción: El tratamiento inicial de la infección por VIH se basa en el uso de tres medicamentos, dos de ellos inhibidores de transcriptasa reversa análogos de nucleósido. Existen tres combinaciones de estos medicamentos aprobadas por diferentes guías, con resultados divergentes en cuanto a eficacia y seguridad. Objetivo: Comparar la eficacia y seguridad de las 3 combinaciones Métodos: Revisión sistemática y metanálisis en red de ensayos clínicos con asignación aleatoria comparando dosis fijas de Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarato/Emtricitabina (TDF/FTC), Abacavir/Lamivudina (ABC/3TC) y Zidovudina/Lamivudina (ZDV/3TC). Resultados: Siete ensayos clínicos cumplieron los criterios de elegibilidad. Los resultados sugirieron mayor eficacia con TDF/FTC vs ABC/3TC a 96 semanas y vs. ZDV/3TC a 48 semanas. Sin embargo, existe heterogeneidad clínica y estadística. Se realizó análisis de subgrupos por tercer medicamento y por nivel de carga viral previa al tratamiento, sin encontrar diferencias en control virológico. Se pudo realizar metanálisis en red con TDF/FTC vs ZDV/3TC y proporción de pacientes con respuesta virológica, sin diferencias a las 48 semanas ni 96 semanas. Las comparaciones directas evidenciaron mayor riesgo de supresión de médula ósea de ZDV/3TC vs TDF/FTC y de reacciones de hipersensibilidad de ABC/3TC vs ZDV/3TC. Conclusión: Los resultados no demostraron diferencias en efectividad entre las intervenciones; sin embargo, debido a heterogeneidad en cuanto al tercer medicamento y el tiempo de seguimiento entre los estudios incluidos, dicho resultado no es definitivo. Los resultados plantean la necesidad de realizar nuevos estudios que ayuden a mejorar las recomendaciones de tratamiento en los pacientes infectados por el VIH.


Subject(s)
Humans , HIV Infections/drug therapy , Anti-HIV Agents/administration & dosage , Dideoxynucleosides/administration & dosage , Dideoxynucleosides/adverse effects , Zidovudine/administration & dosage , Zidovudine/adverse effects , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Treatment Outcome , Lamivudine/administration & dosage , Lamivudine/adverse effects , Anti-HIV Agents/adverse effects , Drug Combinations , Emtricitabine, Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Drug Combination/administration & dosage , Emtricitabine, Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Drug Combination/adverse effects , Network Meta-Analysis
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